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King Lear: Entire Play
King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. It is based on the mythological Leir of Britain. King Lear relinquishes his power and land to two of his daughters. He becomes destitute king lear essay insane and a proscribed crux of political machinations. The first known performance of any version of Shakespeare's play was on St. Stephen's Day in The three extant publications from which modern editors derive their texts are the quarto Q1 and the quarto Q2, unofficial and based on Q1 and the First Folio.
The quarto versions differ significantly from the folio version. The play was often revised after the English Restoration for audiences who disliked its dark and depressing tone, but since the 19th century Shakespeare's original play has been regarded as one of his supreme achievements.
Both the title role and the supporting roles have been coveted by accomplished actors, king lear essay, and the play has been widely adapted. King Lear of Britain, elderly and wanting to retire from the duties of the monarchy, decides to divide his realm among his three daughters, and declares he will offer the largest share to the one who loves him most. The king lear essay, Gonerilspeaks first, declaring her love for her father in fulsome terms.
Moved by her flattery, Lear proceeds to grant to Goneril her share as soon as she king lear essay finished her declaration, king lear essay Regan and Cordelia have a chance to speak. He then awards king lear essay Regan her share as soon as she has spoken. When it is finally the turn of his youngest and favourite daughter, Cordelia, at first she refuses to say anything "Nothing, my Lord" and then declares there is nothing to compare her love to, no words to express it properly; she says honestly but bluntly that she loves him according to her bond, no more and no less, king lear essay, and will reserve half of her love for her future husband.
Infuriated, Lear disinherits Cordelia and divides her share between her elder sisters. The Earl of Gloucester and the Earl of Kent observe that, by dividing his realm between Goneril and Regan, Lear has awarded his realm in equal shares to the peerages of the Duke of Albany Goneril's husband and the Duke of Cornwall Regan's husband. Kent objects to Lear's unfair treatment of Cordelia. Enraged by Kent's protests, Lear banishes him from the country.
Lear then summons the Duke of Burgundy and the King of France, who have both proposed marriage to Cordelia. Learning that Cordelia has been disinherited, the Duke of Burgundy withdraws his suit, but the King of France is impressed by her honesty and marries her nonetheless. The King of France is shocked by Lear's decision because up until this time Lear has only praised and favoured Cordelia " Lear announces he will live alternately with Goneril king lear essay Regan, and their husbands.
He reserves to himself a retinue of knights, to be supported by his daughters. Goneril and Regan speak privately, revealing that their declarations of love were false and that they view Lear as a foolish old man. Gloucester's bastard son Edmund resents his illegitimate status and plots to dispose of his legitimate older half-brother, Edgar. He tricks his father with a forged letter, making him think that Edgar plans to usurp the estate.
The Earl of Kent returns from exile in disguise calling himself Caiusand Lear hires him as a servant. At Albany and Goneril's house, Lear and Kent quarrel with Oswald, Goneril's steward. Lear discovers that now that Goneril king lear essay power, she no longer respects him. She orders him to reduce the number of his disorderly retinue. Enraged, Lear departs for Regan's home. The Fool reproaches Lear with his foolishness in giving everything to King lear essay and Goneril and predicts that Regan will treat him no better.
Edmund learns from Curan, a courtier, that there is likely to be war between Albany and Cornwall and that Regan and Cornwall are to arrive at Gloucester's house that evening.
Taking advantage of the arrival of the duke and Regan, Edmund fakes an attack by Edgar, and Gloucester is completely taken in. He disinherits Edgar and proclaims him an outlaw. Bearing Lear's message to Regan, Kent meets Oswald again at Gloucester's home, quarrels with him again and is put in the stocks by Regan and her husband Cornwall.
When Lear arrives, he objects to the mistreatment of his messenger, but Regan is as dismissive of her father as Goneril was. Lear is enraged but impotent. Goneril arrives and supports Regan's argument against him. Lear yields completely to his rage. He rushes king lear essay into a storm to rant against his ungrateful daughters, accompanied by the mocking Fool. Kent later follows to protect him. Gloucester protests against Lear's mistreatment.
With Lear's retinue of a hundred knights dissolved, the only companions he has left are his Fool and Kent. Wandering on the heath after the storm, Edgar, in the guise of a madman named Tom o' Bedlammeets Lear. Edgar babbles madly while Lear denounces his daughters. Kent leads them all to shelter. Edmund betrays Gloucester king lear essay Cornwall, Regan, and Goneril. He reveals evidence that his father knows of an king lear essay French invasion designed to reinstate Lear to the throne; and in fact, a French army has landed in Britain.
Once King lear essay leaves with Goneril to warn Albany about the invasion, Gloucester is arrested, and Regan and Cornwall gouge out Gloucester's eyes. As they are doing this, a servant is overcome with rage by what he is witnessing and attacks Cornwall, mortally wounding him. Regan kills the servant and tells Gloucester that Edmund betrayed him; then she turns him out to wander the heath, too.
Edgar, in his madman's disguise, meets his blinded father on the heath. Gloucester, sightless and failing to recognise Edgar's voice, begs him to lead him to a cliff at Dover so that he may jump to his death. Goneril discovers that she finds Edmund more attractive than her honest husband Albany, whom she regards as cowardly.
Albany has developed a conscience—he is disgusted by the sisters' treatment of Lear and Gloucester—and denounces his wife. Goneril sends Edmund back to Regan. After receiving news of Cornwall's death, she fears her newly widowed sister may steal Edmund and sends him a letter through Oswald. Now alone with Lear, Kent leads him to the French army, which is commanded by Cordelia. King lear essay Lear is king lear essay and terribly embarrassed by his earlier follies.
At Regan's instigation, Albany joins his forces with hers against the French. Goneril's suspicions about Regan's motives are confirmed and returned, as Regan rightly guesses the meaning of her letter and declares to Oswald that she is a more appropriate match for Edmund. Edgar pretends to lead Gloucester to a cliff, then changes his voice and tells Gloucester he has miraculously survived a great fall. Lear appears, by now, completely mad.
He rants that the whole world is corrupt and runs off. Oswald appears, still looking for Edmund. On Regan's orders, he tries to kill Gloucester but is killed by Edgar. In Oswald's pocket, Edgar finds Goneril's letter, king lear essay, in which she encourages Edmund to kill her husband and take her as his wife.
Kent and Cordelia take charge of Lear, whose madness quickly passes. Regan, Goneril, Albany, and Edmund meet with their forces. Albany insists that they fight the French invaders but not harm Lear or Cordelia.
The two sisters lust for Edmund, who has made promises to both. He considers the dilemma and plots the deaths of Albany, Lear, and Cordelia. Edgar gives Goneril's letter to Albany. The armies meet in battle, the British defeat the French, and Lear and Cordelia are captured. Edmund sends Lear and Cordelia off with secret joint orders from him representing Regan and her forces and Goneril representing the forces of her estranged husband, Albany for the execution of Cordelia.
The victorious British leaders meet, and the recently widowed Regan now declares she will marry Edmund, king lear essay. But Albany exposes the intrigues of Edmund and Goneril and proclaims Edmund a traitor. Regan falls ill, having been poisoned by Goneril, and is escorted offstage, king lear essay, where she dies. Edmund defies Albany, king lear essay, who calls for a trial by combat.
Edgar appears masked and in armour and challenges Edmund to a duel. No one knows who he is, king lear essay. Edgar wounds Edmund fatally, king lear essay, though Edmund does not die immediately. Albany confronts Goneril with the letter which was intended to be his death warrant; she flees in shame and rage. Edgar reveals himself and reports that Gloucester died offstage from the shock and joy of learning that Edgar is alive, after Edgar revealed himself to his father.
Offstage, king lear essay, Goneril, her plans thwarted, king lear essay, commits suicide. The dying Edmund decides, though he admits it is against his own character, king lear essay, to try to save Lear and Cordelia, but his confession comes too late, king lear essay. Soon after, Albany sends men to countermand Edmund's orders.
Lear enters bearing Cordelia's corpse in his arms, having survived by killing the executioner. Kent appears and Lear now recognises him. Albany urges Lear to resume his throne, but as with Gloucester, the trials Lear has been through have finally overwhelmed him, king lear essay, and he dies.
Albany then asks Kent and Edgar to take charge of the throne. Kent declines, explaining that his master is calling him on a journey and he must follow, king lear essay.
Finally, Albany in the quarto version or Edgar in the folio version implies that he will now become king. Shakespeare's play is based on various accounts of the semi-legendary Brythonic figure Leir of Britainwhose name has been linked by some scholars [ who?
Holinshed himself found the story in the earlier Historia Regum Britanniae by Geoffrey of Monmouthwhich was written in the 12th century. Edmund Spenser 's The Faerie Queenepublishedalso contains a character named Cordelia, who also dies from hanging, as in King Lear. Other king lear essay sources are the anonymous play King Leir published in ; The Mirror for Magistratesby John Higgins; The Malcontentby John Marston ; The London Prodigal ; Montaigne 's Essayswhich were translated into English by John Florio in ; An Historical Description of Iland of Britaineby William Harrison ; Remaines Concerning Britaineking lear essay, by William Camden ; Albion's Englandby William Warner ; and A Declaration of egregious Popish Imposturesking lear essay, by Samuel Harsnettwhich provided some of the language used by Edgar while he feigns madness.
King Lear Theme of Madness - Shakespeare Analysis
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