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Christian worldview - Wikipedia
A worldview or world-view is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge and point of view. Worldviews are often taken to operate at a conscious level, directly accessible to articulation and discussion, as opposed to existing at a deeper, pre-conscious level, such as the idea of " ground " in Gestalt psychology and media analysis.
The term worldview is a calque of the German word Weltanschauung [ˈvɛltʔanˌʃaʊ. ʊŋ] listencomposed of Welt 'world' and Anschauung 'perception' or 'view'. It is a concept fundamental to German philosophyespecially epistemology and refers to a wide world perception. Additionally, it refers to the framework of ideas personal worldview essay beliefs forming a personal worldview essay description through which an individual, group or culture watches and interprets the world and interacts with it.
There are a number of main classes of worldviews that group similar types of worldviews together. These relate to various aspects of society and individuals' relationships with the world. Note that these distinctions are not always unequivocal: a religion may include economic aspects, a school of philosophy may embody a particular attitude, etc.
An attitude is an approach to life, personal worldview essay, a disposition towards certain types of thinking, a way of viewing the world. For instance, people with an optimistic worldview will tend to approach things with a positive attitude, and assume the best. Ideologies are sets of beliefs and values that a person or group has for normative reasons, [9] the term is especially used to describe systems of ideas and ideals which form the basis of economic or political theories and resultant policies.
So capitalists believe that a system that emphasizes private ownershipcompetitionand the pursuit of profit ends up with the best outcomes. On the other hand, communists believe that a system that emphasizes the collective ownership of the means of productionand the overcoming of the profit motive as a means personal worldview essay organize the allocation of resources to fix its harmful effects through economic planning has better outcomes.
These two ideological worldviews are fundamentally at odds, personal worldview essay. A school of philosophy is a collection of answers to fundamental questions of the universe, based around common conceptsnormally grounded in reasonand often arising from the teachings of an influential thinker. A religion is a system of behaviors and practicesthat relate to supernaturaltranscendentalor spiritual elements, [16] but the precise definition is debated.
So followers of an Abrahamic religion e, personal worldview essay. ChristianityIslamJudaismetc. One can think of a worldview as comprising a number of basic beliefs which personal worldview essay philosophically equivalent to the axioms of the worldview considered as a logical or consistent theory. These basic beliefs cannot, personal worldview essay, by definition, be proven in the logical sense within the worldview — precisely because they are axiomspersonal worldview essay, and are typically argued from rather than argued for.
If two different worldviews have sufficient common beliefs it may be possible to have a constructive dialogue between them. On the other hand, if different worldviews are held to be basically incommensurate and irreconcilable, then the situation is one of cultural relativism and would therefore incur the standard criticisms from philosophical realists.
A third alternative sees the worldview approach as only a methodological relativism, as a suspension of judgment about the truth of various belief systems but not a declaration that there is no global truth.
For instance, the religious philosopher Ninian Smart begins his Worldviews: Cross-cultural Explorations of Human Beliefs with "Exploring Religions and Analysing Worldviews" and argues for "the neutral, dispassionate study of different religious and secular systems—a process I call worldview analysis.
The comparison of religious, philosophical or scientific worldviews is a delicate endeavor, because such worldviews start from different presuppositions and cognitive values. The Prussian philologist Wilhelm von Humboldt — originated the idea that language and worldview are inextricable. Humboldt saw language as part of the creative adventure personal worldview essay mankind. Culture, language and linguistic communities developed simultaneously and could not do so without one another. In stark contrast to linguistic determinismwhich invites us to consider language as a constraint, a framework or a prison house, Humboldt maintained that speech is inherently and implicitly creative.
Human beings take their place in speech and continue to modify language and thought by their creative exchanges. Edward Sapir — also gives an account of the relationship between thinking and speaking in English. The linguistic relativity hypothesis of Benjamin Lee Whorf — describes how the syntactic-semantic structure of a language becomes an underlying structure for the worldview of a people through the organization of the causal perception of the world and the linguistic categorization of entities.
As personal worldview essay categorization emerges as a representation of worldview and causality, it further modifies social perception and thereby leads to a continual interaction between language and perception, personal worldview essay.
Whorf's hypothesis became influential in the late s, but declined in prominence after a decade. In the s, new research gave further support for the linguistic relativity theory in the works of Stephen Levinson b. If the Sapir—Whorf hypothesis is correct, the worldview map of the world would be similar to the linguistic map of the world.
However, it would also almost coincide with a map of the world drawn on the basis of music across people. While Leo Apostel and his personal worldview essay clearly hold that individuals can construct worldviews, other writers regard worldviews as operating at a community level, or in an unconscious way, personal worldview essay.
For instance, if one's worldview is fixed by one's language, as according to a strong version of the Sapir—Whorf hypothesisone would have to learn or invent a new language in order to construct a new worldview.
According to Apostel, [33] a worldview is an ontologypersonal worldview essay, or a descriptive model of the world. It should comprise these six elements:. Within cognitive philosophy and the cognitive sciences is the German concept of Weltanschauung.
This expression is used to personal worldview essay to the "wide worldview" or "wide world perception" of a people, family, personal worldview essay, or person. The Weltanschauung of a people originates from the unique world experience of a people, which they experience over several millennia.
The language of a people reflects the Weltanschauung of that people in the form of its syntactic structures and untranslatable connotations and its denotations. The term Weltanschauung is often wrongly attributed to Wilhelm von Humboldt, the founder of German ethnolinguistics. However, as Jürgen Trabant points out, and as James W. Underhill reminds us, Humboldt's key concept was Weltansicht. On the other hand, Weltanschauungfirst used by Immanuel Kant and later popularized by Hegel, was always used in German and later in English to refer more to philosophies, ideologies and cultural or religious perspectives, than to linguistic communities and their mode of apprehending reality.
Inthe German philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey published an essay entitled "The Types of Worldview Weltanschauung and their Development in Metaphysics" that became quite influential, personal worldview essay. Dilthey characterized worldviews as providing a perspective on life that encompasses the cognitive, evaluative, and volitional aspects of human experience. Although worldviews have always been expressed in literature and religion, philosophers have attempted to give them conceptual definition in their metaphysical systems.
On that basis, Dilthey found it possible to distinguish three general recurring types of worldview. The first of these he called naturalism because it gives priority to the perceptual and experimental determination of what is and allows contingency to influence how we evaluate and respond to reality.
Naturalism can be found in Democritus, Hobbes, Hume and many other modern philosophers. The second type of worldview is called the idealism of freedom and is represented by Plato, Descartes, Kant, and Bergson among others. It is dualistic and gives primacy to the freedom of the will. The organizational order of our world is structured by our mind and the will to know.
The third type is called objective idealism and Dilthey sees it in Heraclitus, Parmenides, Spinoza, personal worldview essay, Leibniz and Hegel. In objective idealism the ideal does not hover above what is actual but inheres in it.
This third type of worldview is ultimately monistic and seeks to discern the inner coherence and harmony among all things. Dilthey thought it impossible to come up with a universally valid metaphysical or systematic formulation of any of these worldviews, but regarded them as useful schema for his own more reflective kind of life philosophy, personal worldview essay.
See Makkreel and Rodi, Wilhelm Dilthey, Selected Works, volume 6, Anthropologically, worldviews can be expressed as personal worldview essay "fundamental cognitive, affective, and evaluative presuppositions a group of people make about the nature of things, and which they use to order their lives. If it were possible to draw a map of the world on the basis of Weltanschauung[32] it would probably be seen to cross political borders— Weltanschauung is the product of political borders and common experiences of a people from a geographical region, [32] environmental - climatic conditions, the economic resources available, socio-cultural systemsand the language family.
Worldview is used very differently by linguists and sociologists. It is for this reason that James W. Underhill suggests five subcategories: world-perceiving, world-conceiving, cultural mindset, personal world, and perspective.
A worldview, according to terror management theory TMTserves as a buffer against death anxiety, personal worldview essay. literally, as in religious belief in immortality; symbolically, as in art works or children to live on after one's death, or in contributions to one's culture. Using a test of death-thought accessibility DTAinvolving an ambiguous word completion test e.
Mood was also measured following the worldview personal worldview essay, to test whether the increase in death thoughts following worldview threat were due to other causes, for example, anger at the attack on one's cultural worldview.
To test the generalisability of these findings to groups and worldviews other than those of nationalistic Canadians, Schimel et al conducted a similar experiment on a group of personal worldview essay individuals whose worldview included that of creationism. Goldenberg et al found that highlighting the similarities between humans and other animals increases death-thought accessibility, as does attention to the physical rather than meaningful qualities of sex.
A unidirectional view of causality is present in some monotheistic views of the world with a beginning and an end and a single great force personal worldview essay a single end e. These worldviews of causality not only underlie religious traditions but also other aspects of thought like the purpose of historypersonal worldview essay, political and economic theories, and systems like democracyauthoritarianismanarchismcapitalismsocialism and communism.
With the development of science came a clockwork universe of regular operation according to principle, an idea that was very popular among deists during the Enlightenment.
But later developments in science put this deterministic picture in doubt. Some forms of philosophical naturalism and materialism reject the validity of entities inaccessible to natural science.
They view the scientific method as the most reliable model for building an understanding of the world. The personal worldview essay worldview denotes a comprehensive set of opinions, seen as an organic unityabout the world as the medium and exercise of human existence.
worldview serves as a framework for generating various dimensions of human perception and experience like knowledgepoliticseconomicsreligionpersonal worldview essay, culturescience and ethics. For example, worldview of causality as uni-directionalcyclicor spiral generates a framework of the world that reflects personal worldview essay systems of causality. Nishida Kitaro wrote extensively on "the Religious Worldview" in exploring the philosophical significance of Eastern religions, personal worldview essay.
According to Neo-Calvinist David Naugle 's World view: The History of a Conceptpersonal worldview essay, "Conceiving of Christianity as a worldview has been one of the most significant developments in the recent history of the church.
The Christian thinker James W. Sire defines a worldview as "a commitment, a fundamental orientation of the heart, that can be expressed as a story or in a set of presuppositions assumptions which may be true, partially true, or entirely false which we hold consciously or subconsciously, consistently or inconsistently about the basic construction of reality, and that provides the foundation on which we live and move and have our being.
The commitment mentioned by James W. Sire can be extended further. The worldview increases the commitment to serve the world. This serving attitude has been illustrated by Tareq M Zayed as the 'Emancipatory Worldview' in his writing "History of emancipatory worldview of Muslim learners". David Bell has also raised questions on religious worldviews personal worldview essay the designers of superintelligences — machines much smarter than humans.
A number of modern thinkers have created and attempted to popularize various classification systems for worldviews, to various degrees of success, personal worldview essay.
These systems often hinge on a few key questions. From across the world across all of the cultures, Roland Muller has suggested that cultural worldviews can be broken down into three separate worldviews, personal worldview essay.
Instead, each individual is a mix of the three. For example, a person may be raised in a Power—Fear society, in an Honor—Shame family, and go to school under a Guilt—Innocence system. According to Michael Lind"a worldview is a more or less coherent understanding of the nature of reality, which permits its holders to interpret new information in light of their preconceptions.
WHAT'S YOUR WORLDVIEW? (QUIZ)
, time: 3:41Common Application Essay Option 5 Tips—Personal Growth
Aug 17, · The heart of this essay prompt is the idea of "personal growth." It's a remarkably broad concept, and as a result this essay prompt gives you the freedom to talk about almost anything meaningful that has ever happened to you. As you reflect, try to identify moments that made you rethink your assumptions and worldview. Identify an event that Nov 28, · A personal statement is a short essay that introduces a grad school candidate and his or her personal reasons for applying to a particular program. While metrics such as GPA and test scores can give an admissions committee an idea of a student's qualifications, they are impersonal and don't indicate whether a candidate would be a good fit for a A worldview or world-view is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge and point of view. A worldview can include natural philosophy; fundamental, existential, and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics.. Worldviews are often taken to operate at a conscious level, directly
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